Appendix A lists country codes, which include the country name, country code, and passport country code. Afghanistan is represented by the codes AF and AFG. The Åland Islands have AX and ALA. Albania uses AL and ALB, while Algeria is designated by DZ and DZA. American Samoa’s codes are AS and ASM, and Andorra’s are AD and AND. Angola is represented by AO and AGO, and Anguilla by AI and AIA. Antarctica has AQ and ATA, while Antigua and Barbuda use AG and ATG. For any country not on this list, the code is ZN or ZNC. Argentina is identified by AR and ARG, and Armenia by AM and ARM. Aruba’s codes are AW and ABW, and Australia’s are AU and AUS. Austria uses AT and AUT, and Azerbaijan uses AZ and AZE. The Bahamas are represented by BS and BHS, Bahrain by BH and BHR, and Bangladesh by BD and BGD. Barbados has BB and BRB, Belarus uses BY and BLR, and Belgium is designated by BE and BEL. Belize uses BZ and BLZ, Benin by BJ and BEN, and Bermuda by BM and BMU. Bhutan is represented by BT and BTN, Bolivia by BO and BOL, and Bonaire, Sint Eustatius, and Saba by BQ and BES. Bosnia and Herzegovina’s codes are BA and BIH, Botswana uses BW and BWA, and Bouvet Island is represented by BV and BVT. Brazil uses BR and BRA, British Indian Ocean Territory by IO and IOT, and Brunei Darussalam by BN and BRN. Bulgaria has BG and BGR, Burkina Faso uses BF and BFA, and Burundi by BI and BDI. Cambodia is represented by KH and KHM, Cameroon by CM and CMR, and Canada by CA and CAN. Cape Verde’s codes are CV and CPV, the Cayman Islands use KY and CYM, and the Central African Republic by CF and CAF. Chad uses TD and TCD, Chile by CL and CHL, and China by CN and CHN. Christmas Island is represented by CX and CXR, the Cocos (Keeling) Islands by CC and CCK, and Colombia by CO and COL. Comoros uses KM and COM, Congo by CG and COG, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo by CD and COD. The Cook Islands’ codes are CK and COK, Costa Rica’s are CR and CRI, and Côte d’Ivoire by CI and CIV. Croatia is represented by HR and HRV, Cuba by CU and CUB, and Curaçao by CW and CUW. Cyprus uses CY and CYP, the Czech Republic by CZ and CZE, and Denmark by DK and DNK. Djibouti has DJ and DJI, Dominica by DM and DMA, and the Dominican Republic by DO and DOM. Ecuador is represented by EC and ECU, Egypt by EG and EGY, and El Salvador by SV and SLV. Equatorial Guinea uses GQ and GNQ, Eritrea by ER and ERI, and Estonia by EE and EST. Ethiopia’s codes are ET and ETH, the Falkland Islands (Malvinas) by FK and FLK, and the Faroe Islands by FO and FRO. Fiji is represented by FJ and FJI, Finland by FI and FIN, and France by FR and FRA. French Guiana uses GF and GUF, French Polynesia by PF and PYF, and the French Southern Territories by TF and ATF. Gabon’s codes are GA and GAB, the Gambia by GM and GMB, and Georgia by GE and GEO. Germany is represented by DE and DEU, Ghana by GH and GHA, and Gibraltar by GI and GIB. Greece uses GR and GRC, Greenland by GL and GRL, and Grenada by GD and GRD. Guadeloupe’s codes are GP and GLP, Guam by GU and GUM, and Guatemala by GT and GTM. Guernsey is represented by GG and GGY, Guinea by GN and GIN, and Guinea-Bissau by GW and GNB. Guyana uses GY and GUY, Haiti by HT and HTI, and Heard Island and McDonald Islands by HM and HMD. The Holy See (Vatican City State) is represented by VA and VAT, Honduras by HN and HND, and Hong Kong (SAR of China) by HK and HKG. Hungary uses HU and HUN, Iceland by IS and ISL, and India by IN and IND. Indonesia’s codes are ID and IDN, Iran (Islamic Republic of) by IR and IRN, and Iraq by IQ and IRQ. Ireland uses IE and IRL, the Isle of Man by IM and IMN, and Israel by IL and ISR. Italy is represented by IT and ITA, Jamaica by JM and JAM, and Japan by JP and JPN. Jersey’s codes are JE and JEY, Jordan by JO and JOR, and Kazakhstan by KZ and KAZ. Kenya uses KE and KEN, Kiribati by KI and KIR, and the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea by KP and PRK. The Republic of Korea is represented by KR and KOR, Kuwait by KW and KWT, and Kyrgyzstan by KG and KGZ. The Lao People’s Democratic Republic uses LA and LAO, Latvia by LV and LVA, and Lebanon by LB and LBN. Lesotho is represented by LS and LSO, Liberia by LR and LBR, and Libya by LY and LBY. Liechtenstein’s codes are LI and LIE, Lithuania by LT and LTU, and Luxembourg by LU and LUX. Macao (SAR of China) is represented by MO and MAC, Macedonia (the former Yugoslav Republic of) by MK and MKD, and Madagascar by MG and MDG. Malawi’s codes are MW and MWI, Malaysia by MY and MYS, and the Maldives by MV and MDV. Mali uses ML and MLI, Malta by MT and MLT, and the Marshall Islands by MH and MHL. Martinique is represented by MQ and MTQ, Mauritania by MR and MRT, and Mauritius by MU and MUS. Mayotte’s codes are YT and MYT, Mexico by MX and MEX, and Micronesia (Federated States of) by FM and FSM. Moldova (Republic of) is represented by MD and MDA, Monaco by MC and MCO, and Mongolia by MN and MNG. Montenegro’s codes are ME and MNE, Montserrat by MS and MSR, and Morocco by MA and MAR. Mozambique uses MZ and MOZ, Myanmar by MM and MMR, and Namibia by NA and NAM. Nauru is represented by NR and NRU, Nepal by NP and NPL, and the Netherlands by NL and NLD. New Caledonia’s codes are NC and NCL, New Zealand by NZ and NZL, and Nicaragua by NI and NIC. Niger uses NE and NER, Nigeria by NG and NGA, and Niue by NU and NIU. Norfolk Island is represented by NF and NFK, the Northern Mariana Islands by MP and MNP, and Norway by NO and NOR. Oman’s codes are OM and OMN, Pakistan by PK and PAK, and Palau by PW and PLW. Palestine (State of) is represented by PS and PSE, Panama by PA and PAN, and Papua New Guinea by PG and PNG. Paraguay’s codes are PY and PRY, Peru by PE and PER, and the Philippines by PH and PHL. Pitcairn is represented by PN and PCN, Poland by PL and POL, and Portugal by PT and PRT. Puerto Rico’s codes are PR and PRI, Qatar by QA and QAT, and Réunion by RE and REU. Romania is represented by RO and ROU, the Russian Federation by RU and RUS, and Rwanda by RW and RWA. Saint Barthélemy’s codes are BL and BLM, Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da Cunha by SH and SHN, and Saint Kitts and Nevis by KN and KNA. Saint Lucia is represented by LC and LCA, Saint Martin (French part) by MF and MAF, and Saint Pierre and Miquelon by PM and SPM. Saint Vincent and the Grenadines’ codes are VC and VCT, Samoa by WS and WSM, and San Marino by SM and SMR. Sao Tome and Principe is represented by ST and STP, Saudi Arabia by SA and SAU, and Senegal by SN and SEN. Serbia uses RS and SRB, Seychelles by SC and SYC, and Sierra Leone by SL and SLE. Singapore’s codes are SG and SGP, Sint Maarten (Dutch part) by SX and SXM, and Slovakia by SK and SVK. Slovenia is represented by SI and SVN, the Solomon Islands by SB and SLB, and Somalia by SO and SOM. South Africa’s codes are ZA and ZAF, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands by GS and SGS, and South Sudan by SS and SSD. Spain uses ES and ESP, Sri Lanka by LK and LKA, and Sudan by SD and SDN. Suriname is represented by SR and SUR, Svalbard and Jan Mayen by SJ and SJM, and Swaziland by SZ and SWZ. Sweden’s codes are SE and SWE, Switzerland by CH and CHE, and the Syrian Arab Republic by SY and SYR. Taiwan (Province of China) uses TW and TWN, Tajikistan by TJ and TJK, and Tanzania (United Republic of) by TZ and TZA. Thailand is represented by TH and THA, Timor-Leste by TL and TLS, and Togo by TG and TGO. Tokelau’s codes are TK and TKL, Tonga by TO and TON, and Trinidad and Tobago by TT and TTO. Tunisia is represented by TN and TUN, Turkey by TR and TUR, and Turkmenistan by TM and TKM. The Turks and Caicos Islands’ codes are TC and TCA, Tuvalu by TV and TUV, and Uganda by UG and UGA. Ukraine is represented by UA and UKR, the United Arab Emirates by AE and ARE, and the United Kingdom by GB and GBR. The United States’ codes are US and USA, United States Minor Outlying Islands by UM and UMI, and Uruguay by UY and URY. Uzbekistan is represented by UZ and UZB, Vanuatu by VU and VUT, and Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) by VE and VEN. Vietnam uses VN and VNM, the Virgin Islands (British) by VG and VGB, and the Virgin Islands (U.S.) by VI and VIR. Wallis and Futuna’s codes are WF and WLF, Western Sahara by EH and ESH, and Yemen by YE and YEM. Zambia is represented by ZM and ZMB, and Zimbabwe by ZW and ZWE.